History Of Rockets

History:- Rockets Development

Scientists believed that the Chinese invented rockets and was the first to build a working rocket which was describe as "Arrows of flying fire" By 1300 the use of rockets has spread through out much of Asia and Europe. These first rockets burned a substance called black powder which consisted of charcoal saltpaper and sulfur which used as a fireworks and as a weapon. During the early 1800"s. Colonel Congreve of the British army developed rocket that carried explosive, some of these rockets weighed as much as 60 pounds. Several other countries also developed military rockets. In 1800"s an English inventor William Hale improved accuracy in Military rockets by substituted three fins for the long wooden tail which was used to guide the rocket, these rocket was used in the Mexican war and the American Civil war (1861-1865).

Rockets of the early 1900"s

A Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky read about the use of rockets and space travel, he became serious and turned his attention to rocket theory and worked on a rocket design. Early 20th century. In many of his theory he proposed space exploration by rocket, liquid propellant, space station and he was the first to present the idea of the multistage rocket.
Hermann O Berth a German Scientist led a small group of German Engineers and Scientist by experimenting on rockets by theory and designing in 1923 he published a work in which he proved that flight beyond the atmosphere is possible. He also proposed liquid propelled rockets, multistage rockets, space navigation and re-entry system. From 1939 to 1945 he worked on Germans war rocket programs with Wemher Braun. After the war he came to the United State where he again worked with Braun. The German wanted to build a rocket which would carry a bomb from Europe to strike New York City. Dr. Robert H. Goddard an American Pioneer of rockets his design and model eventually led to the German big rockets such as the V-2 which was used against the allied in World War II.
Goddard was the first to conducted a successful launched of a liquid propellant rocket. The rocket climbed 184 ft into air at a speed of 60 miles per hour. American forces captured V-2 missiles and sent them to the United States for use in research. After the war some scientist went to the Soviet Union other came to the USA to continue rocketry work. Goddard remained the chief researcher in the US. In 1915 he tested solid fueled models and began working on perfecting rocket weapons, one of his design was the fore runner of the bazooka a tube launched missile, 18 inches long, it was tested in 1918.It was never used in the war because the war ended. In 1919 Dr Goddard a paper which stated that a rocket would have worked better in a total vacuum than in our atmosphere, he also suggest that a multi-stage rocket that can reach high-altitudes and even reach the escape velocity of the earth. So Goddard went on experimenting and in March 16, 1926 he flew the first liquid propellant rocket and was successful. He flew other rockets in Massachusetts pastures as they started to crash it became a fire hazard and ended his test. He moved to New Mexico where he could carry out his experiments without no one in danger. There he developed the first gyro controlled rocket guidance system. The rockets were faster than the speed of sound and altitudes up to 500 feet. Goddard died in 1945.

High Altitude Rocket

For several Years after World War II scientist benefit greatly by conducting experiment on the German V-2’s.These V2’s were the first rocket used for high altitude research. The first high altitude rocket design and built in the USA included the WAC corporal the Aerobee, and the Viking. The WAC reached an altitude of about 45 miles. The Aerobee reached 75 miles and the Viking 50 miles during test flight in 1941 –1945.
Rockets developed by the US Armed Forces during the 1950’s0 included Jupiter and perishing. The Jupiter had a range of about 1,600 miles and the Perishing had 450 miles per hour.
The US Navy conducted the first successful launch of a Polaris, underwater missile in 1960.US Scientist later used military rockets that developed in 1960’s as the basis for launch vehicle.